Kidney stones, or renal calculi, are hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside the kidneys. They affect around 1 in 11 people in the United States, with men being more frequently affected than women. The prevalence of kidney stones increases with age, peaking in people aged 40 to 60. Various factors, including genetics, diet, and hydration levels, contribute to the risk of developing kidney stones.

Treatment Options

Treatment for kidney stones depends on the size and type of the stones and the severity of the symptoms. Common treatment options include:

1. Hydration and Pain Management: Small stones can often be passed naturally by drinking plenty of water and taking over-the-counter pain relievers.

2. Medication: Certain medications can help relax the muscles in the ureter, making it easier to pass the stones. Other medications can help prevent the formation of stones.

3. Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL): This non-invasive procedure uses shock waves to break larger stones into smaller pieces that can be passed more easily.

4. Ureteroscopy: A thin scope is passed through the urethra and bladder to the ureter to remove or break up the stones.

5. Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: This surgical procedure is used for large or complex stones. It involves making a small incision in the back to remove the stones directly from the kidney.

Talk to your healthcare provider regarding the best option for you.

Recovery

Recovery time varies depending on the treatment method. You may or may not have a stent in place. If all the stone burden is gone, then the stent can be removed in the office with a small camera under local anesthesia. If you are required to maintain the stent, then the stent must either be removed or exchanged within 3 months to prevent encrustation and worsening of kidney function.

Behavioral Changes

Making certain lifestyle changes can help reduce the risk of developing kidney stones:

1. Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water throughout the day to keep your urine diluted and reduce the risk of stone formation.

2. Adjust Your Diet: Reduce your intake of salt, oxalate-rich foods (such as spinach and nuts), and animal protein. Increase your intake of calcium-rich foods, as dietary calcium can help prevent stones.

3. Maintain a Healthy Weight: Obesity is a risk factor for kidney stones, so maintaining a healthy weight through diet and exercise can help.

4. Monitor Medication: Certain medications can increase the risk of stones, so discuss any potential side effects with your healthcare provider.

The above is only for medical information and does not constitute medical advice. Please contact your doctor if you have any questions.